ES476 Hydrology


Class Syllabus (Adobe Acrobat Format)

ES476 Hydrology Winter 2022 Class Syllabus (Ver. 2.0 - Updated Jan. 17)
ES476 Hydrology Winter 2022 Class Schedule (Ver. 2.0 - Updated Jan. 17)

2021-2022 Final Exam Schedule


Bulletin Board **Check Here for Class News and Events**

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Week 11 Class Announcements:

Final Exam: Thursday March 17, 2022; 2 PM NS218 (early start at 1 PM possible)
  • Final Exam Study Guide (Updated Winter 2022)
  • Key Groundwater Equation Summary
  • Study Review Reading: Basics of Groundwater Flow Equations and Darcy's Law

    Week 10 Assignment Task Inventory and Checklist (Due for Canvas Submission by Monday March 14, 2022; 11 PM)
  • Task 10-1. Reading Review Questions: Hydrogeology of the Willamette Valley
  • Task 10-2. Pop-Up Presentation Deliverables [MS Word docx and MS Powerpoint pptx]

    Lab Answer Keys
    In-Class Water Properties Exercise
    Homework 1 - Introduction to Quantitative Problems
    Homework 2 - Introduction to Applied Problems in Hydrology
    Isohyets / Contouring Exercise
    Theissen Average Rainfall Exercise
    Luckiamute Watershed Problem
    Rational Runoff Problem
    River Channel Cross-Section Area - Bankfull Discharge Key
    Groundwater Problem Set 1
    Groundwater Problem Set 2
    Well Log Problem
    Well Hydraulics / Aquifer Testing
    Key - Well Field Analysis Practice Problem

    NEW: ES476 Winter 2022 Weekly Lab Group Work Session with Beeb: Thursdays 2 - 4 PM in person NS218 or via Zoom Conference
  • Beeb Singson Lab Preparator Contact Information: email singsonb@wou.edu Cell/Text 801-792-1193
  • Click Here for Work Session Zoom Link       Meeting ID: 858 221 5223       Passcode: 305276

    ES476 Study / Tutoring Help - WOU Science Center
    Click here for link to WOU Science Center - Tutoring Assistance
  • WOU Science Center - Winter 2022 Tutoring Schedule

    Click Here to Go to Canvas for ES476 Assignment Submission

    NEW: Study Tips, Learning Resources, and Weekly Workflow
  • Remote Online Learning Resources and Weekly Workflow Explained (*.mp4 video ~5 min.)
  • Strategies for Remote Weekly Class Work and Assignment Completion [*.mp4, Taylor Video Discussion ~ 10 min]
  • Assignment Submission and File Naming Convention [*.mp4, Taylor Video Discussion ~ 4 min]


    Weekly Course Content Modules

    The class learning resources and lab exercises are organized according to their order of occurrence throughout the session. They are available in Adobe Acrobat Reader (PDF) Format. Exam study guides will be included as the term progresses. Please check for updates frequently, daily and weekly, as the class progresses.

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    Week 1 Class Materials - Introduction (January 3-January 9, 2022)

    ES476 Week 1 Zoom Class Recording (TBD)

    A. Week 1 Class Notes and Learning Resources

    Learning Module 1: Introduction
  • Class Notes: Introduction to Hydrology
  • Class Powerpoint Slide Show: Introduction to Hydrology and Water Budget
  • Text Reading: Introduction to Hydrology

    Learning Module 2: Hydrologic Cycle and Water Budgets
  • Class Notes: Global Water Budget
  • Class Powerpoint Slide Show: Water Budgets and Hydrologic Measurement
  • Text Reading: Hydrologic Cycle

    Reference Resources: Hydrologic Problem Solving
    Glossary of Hydrology Terms
    Unit Conversion Tables for Lab Exercises
  • Reference List of Standard Algebraic, Geometric and Trigonometric Formulas

  • Link to Aqua-Calc Web Site (all things water to calculate and convert)

    Video Resources
  • Hydrologic Cycle Animation (NASA *.mpeg 45 Mb)
  • Youtube Global Water Budget Overview (~4 min)
  • Youtube-Hydrologic Cycle (NSF/NBC ~6 minutes)

    B. Week 1 Lab Exercises and Activities
    1-1. Text Reading Review Questions: Introduction to Hydrology and Global Water Budget
  • Text Reading: Introduction to Hydrology
  • Text Reading: Hydrologic Cycle

    1-2. Video Review Questions: The Water Planet
    1-3. Key Word Search - Introductory Concepts in Hydrology

    1-4. Class Exercise: Introduction to Quantitative Applications in Geoscience
  • How to solve a physics problem (Youtube ~5 min)
  • Reading: Introduction to Mathematics as a Tool for Geoscience

    C. Week 1 Assignment Task Inventory and Checklist (Due for Canvas Submission by Monday January 10, 2022; 11 PM)

  • Task 1-1. Text Reading Review Questions: Introduction to Hydrology
  • Task 1-2. Video Review Questions: The Water Planet
  • Task 1-3. Key Word Search Exercise: Introductory Concepts in Hydrology
  • Task 1-4. Intro to Quantitative Applications in Geoscience (Complete Only Questions: 1.1, 1.9, 1.2, 1.5, 1.4, 1.3, 1.7, 1.8, 1.12, 2.2)

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    Week 2 Class Materials - Water Properties (January 10-January 16, 2022)

    ES476 Week 2 Zoom Class Recording (TBD)

    A. Week 2 Class Notes and Learning Resources

    Class Notes: Basics of Water Chemistry
    Class Notes: Physical Principles Applied to Hydrology

    Text Reading: Properties of Water
    Journal Reading: Ternberth et a., 2007, Global Water Budget

    Class Powerpoint Slide Show: Physical Properties and Concepts
    Class Powerpoint Slide Show: Water Chemistry Overview
    Class Powerpoint Slide Show: Water Budgets

    Reference Resources: Mathematics Review Materials
  • Class Notes: Math Review
  • Geomath Primer Kit
  • Guidelines for Quantitative Problem Solving
  • Review of Units and Unit Conversions (Schoenfeld)
  • Link to Aqua-Calc Web Site (all things water to calculate and convert)
  • Video Tutorial: How to solve a physics problem (youtube ~5 min)

    Video Resources
  • Properties of Water    [Recommended, YouTube video ~5 min]
  • Heat Transfer    [Recommended, YouTube video ~5 min]
  • Water Phase Changes / Hydrologic Cycle    [Recommended, YouTube video ~5 min]
  • Density Facts    [Recommended, YouTube video ~3 min]

  • Youtube-Principles of Water Balance (Univ. Reno ~9 minutes)
  • Youtube-Reservoirs and Residence Times (Univ. Reno ~13 minutes)
  • Youtube-Water Budget Problem Solving Examples ( ~13 minutes)

    B. Week 2 Lab Exercises and Activities

    2-1. Text Reading Review Questions: Properties of Water
  • Text Reading: Properties of Water

    2-2. Journal Reading Review Questions: Global Water Budget
  • Journal Reading: Ternberth et al., 2007, Global Water Budget

    2-3. Video Exercise Endless Voyage (part 7) - Water Properties

    2-4. In-Class Quantitative Exercise / Unit Conversions
  • English-Metric Conversion Factors

    2-5. Introductory Hydrology Problems (Veisman and Lewis Chap. Problems)
  • Guidelines for Hydrologic Problem Solving

    C. Week 2 Assignment Task Inventory and Checklist (Due for Canvas Submission by Monday January 17, 2022; 11 PM)

  • Task 2-1. Text Reading Review Questions: Properties of Water
  • Task 2-2. Journal Reading Review Questions: Terberth Global Water Budget
  • Task 2-3. Video Review Exercise: Water Properties
  • Task 2-4. In-Class Exercise: Unit Conversions (complete page 1 and question 2A)
  • Task 2-5. Intro Hydrology Problems (complete Questions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5)

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    Week 3 Class Materials - Atmosphere & Meteorology (January 17-January 23, 2022)

    ES476 Week 3 Zoom Class Recording Jan. 18, 2022 (Atmospheric Process)

    A. Week 3 Class Notes and Learning Resources

    Class Notes: Meteorology of Precipitation
  • Atmospheric/Precipitation Figures

    Class Powerpoint Slide Show: Meteorology Overview
    Text Reading: Overview of Meteorology and Atmospheric Process

    Video Resources
  • The Water Channel Online Video Resources

  • Solar Heating of Earth / Seasons    [Recommended, YouTube video ~10 min]
  • Evaporation-Humidity-Dew Point-Hydro Cycle    [Recommended, YouTube video ~10 min]
  • Overview of Atmospheric Lifting Mechanisms    [Recommended, YouTube video ~9 min]
  • How Weather Works Part 1    [Recommended, YouTube video ~10 min]
  • How Weather Works Part 2    [Recommended, YouTube video ~12 min]

    B. Week 3 Lab Exercises and Activities
    3-1. Text Reading Review Questions: Atmospheric Weather Overview
  • Text Reading: Overview of Meteorology and Atmospheric Process

    3-2. Video Exercise: Understanding Weather

    3-3. In-Class Exercise: Primer on Contouring

    3-4. In-Class Exercise: Luckiamute River Basin Water Budget

    C. Week 3 Assignment Task Inventory and Checklist (Due for Canvas Submission by Monday January 24, 2022; 11 PM)

  • Task 3-1. Text Reading Review Questions: Atmospheric Processes
  • Task 3-2. Video Review Exercise: Understanding Weather
  • Task 3-3. In-Class Exercise: Primer on Contouring
  • Task 3-4. In-Class Exercise: Luckiamute River Basin Water Budget

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    Week 4 Class Materials - Oregon Climate and Water Resources (January 24-January 30, 2022)

    ES476 Week 4 Zoom Class Recording Tuesday Jan. 25, 2022

    A. Week 4 Class Notes and Learning Resources

    Class Notes: Oregon Hydroclimatology (Taylor Transcripts from Nolin 2012 Seminar at OSU)

    Class Powerpoint Slide Show: Historical Hydrologic Trends in Oregon
    Class Powerpoint Slide Show: Snow Pack Hydrology and Climate Change in the Western Cascades

    Journal Reading: Overview of Oregon Climate Change and Water Resources (Chang and Jones, 2011)

    Reference Resources: Oregon Climate and Hydrology
  • Link to Oregon Climate Change Assessment Report (Oregon Climate Change Research Institute, Fifth Report-2021)

  • Link to OSU Willamette Water 2100 Project

    Video Resources
  • Willamette Water 2100 Project Overview    [REQUIRED, YouTube video ~9 min]

    B. Week 4 Lab Exercises and Activities
    4-1. Journal Reading Review Questions: Overview of Oregon Climate Change
  • Journal Reading: Overview of Oregon Climate Change and Water Resources (Chang and Jones, 2011)

    4-2. Video Review Questions: Willamette Water 2100 Project
  • Willamette Water 2100 Project Overview    [REQUIRED, YouTube video ~59 min]

    4-3. Contouring Exercise / Isohyet Map of Eastern Oregon

    4-4. In-Class Precipitation Analysis Exercise
  • Methods of Areal Precipitation Analysis
  • Planix 7 Planimeter Instructions - Map Area Measurement with Planimeter

    C. Week 4 Assignment Task Inventory and Checklist (Due for Canvas Submission by Monday January 31, 2022; 11 PM)

  • Task 4-1. Journal Reading Review Questions: Overview of Oregon Climate Change
  • Task 4-2. Video Review Questions: Willamette Water 2100 Project
  • Task 4-3. In-Class Exerise: Isohyet Map of Oregon
  • Task 4-4. In-Class Exerise: Precipitation Analysis

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    Week 5 Class Materials - Surface Water Hydrology I (January 31-February 6, 2022)

    ES476 Week 5 Zoom Class Recording (TBD)

    A. Week 5 Class Notes and Learning Resources

    Class Notes: Surface Water Hydrology Overview
  • Equation List for Surface Water
  • Figures to Accompany Surface Water

    Class Powerpoint Slide Show: Rivers and Surface Water Hydrology
    Text Reading: Overview of Surface Water

    Reference Resources: Oregon Surface Water Hydrology
  • USGS Water Watch Web Site (Portal to U.S. Streamflow Data)
  • Link to OSU Streamflow Analysis Tutorial Website

    Video Resources
  • Introduction to Watersheds and Drainage Basins    [Required, YouTube video ~5 min]
  • River Systems and Processes    [Required, *.mpeg video; rt-click-save-as-download plays well with VLC video player; ~27 min]

    B. Week 5 Lab Exercises and Activities
    5-1. Text Review Questions: Overview of Surface Water Process
  • Text Reading: Overview of Surface Water

    5-2. Video Review Questions: Watersheds and Surface Water Processes
  • Introduction to Watersheds and Drainage Basins    [Required, YouTube video ~5 min]
  • River Systems and Processes    [Required, *.mp4 video; plays well with VLC video player; ~27 min]

    5-3. In-Class Exercise: Rational Runoff Model

    5-4. Mono Lake Water Budget Exercise (Complete only highlighted sections)

    C. Week 5 Assignment Task Inventory and Checklist (Due for Canvas Submission by Monday February 7, 2022; 11 PM)

  • Task 5-1. Text Reading Review Questions: Surface Water Overview
  • Task 5-2. Video Review Questions: Surface Water Overview
  • Task 5-3. In-Class Exercise: Rational Runoff Model
  • HOLD DO NOT COMPLETE: Task 5-4. Mono Lake Water Budget Exercise (Complete only highlighted sections)

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    Week 6 Class Materials - Surface Water Hydrology II (February 7-February 13, 2022)

    Class Announcement: Midterm Exam Week 6 Tuesday Feb. 8, 2022
  • ES476 Midterm Exam Study Guide Winter Term 2022

    ES476 Week 6 Zoom Class Recording (TBD)

    A. Week 6 Class Notes and Learning Resources

    Class Notes: Flood Climatology

    Class Powerpoint Slide Show: Flood Climatology

    Text Reading: Drainage Basins and Watersheds
    Journal Reading: Hirschboeck et al. (2000) Climate and Floods

    Video Resources
    Video: Flood Types Overview (Required, Weather Channel, Youtube ~5 min)
    Video: Intro to Rivers and Flooding Clip (Required, National Geographic, Youtube ~3 min)
    Video: Understanding Flood Risk (Required, Youtube ~5 min)
    Calculating Flood Recurrence Intervals (Required, Youtube ~9 min)

    B. Week 6 Lab Exercises and Activities
    6-1. Text Review Questions: Drainage Basins and Watersheds
  • Text Reading: Drainage Basins and Watersheds

    6-2. Journal Review Questions: Flood Climatology
  • Journal Reading: Hirschboeck et al. (2000) Climate and Floods

    6-3. Flood Analysis Lab (Revised Feb. 14, 2022; Note: Use 2100 cfs for bankfull discharge in exercise 29)
  • You Tube - Calculating Flood Recurrence Intervals

    C. Week 6 Assignment Task Inventory and Checklist (Due for Canvas Submission by Monday February 14, 2022; 11 PM)

  • Task 6-1. Text Reading Review Questions: Drainage Basins
  • Task 6-2. Journal Reading Review Questions: Flood Climatology
  • Task 6-3. Flood Analysis Lab Exercise (Complete the following: Ex. 25 Q. 44 p. 85-86; Ex. 26, Q. 46 p. 88-89; Ex. 29 Q. 49 p. 94 [note: use 2100 cfs for bankfull value]; Ex. 30, Q. 50 p. 95-97)

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    Week 7 Class Materials - Introduction to Groundwater (February 14-February 20, 2022)

    ES476 Week 7 Zoom Class Recording (TBD)

    A. Week 7 Class Notes and Learning Resources

    Class Notes: Intro Groundwater
  • Figures to Accompany Introduction to Groundwater
  • Key Groundwater Equation Summary
  • Basic Equation List for Groundwater

    Class Powerpoint Slide Show: Groundwater Overview
    Text Reading: Groundwater Overview

    Video Resources
  • Introduction to Groundwater Video (Required; Youtube ~5 min)
  • Aquifers Explained (Required; Youtube ~5 min)
  • Measuring Porostiy and Permeability (Required; Youtube ~6 min)
  • Link to Earth Revealed Groundwater Video (Required; Youtube ~25 min)
  • Introduction to Hydrogeology (Cal State Fullerton; Youtube ~55 min)

    B. Week 7 Lab Exercises and Activities
    7-1. Text Review Questions: Groundwater Hydrology
  • Text Reading: Groundwater Overview

    7-2. Introduction to Groundwater Video Exercise (Earth Revealed)
  • Link to Earth Revealed Groundwater Video (Required; Youtube ~25 min)

    7-3. Introduction to Groundwater In-Class Exercise
  • Aquifers Explained (Required; Youtube ~5 min)

    C. Week 7 Assignment Task Inventory and Checklist (Due for Canvas Submission by Monday February 21, 2022; 11 PM)

  • Task 7-1. Groundwater Textbook Review Questions
  • Task 7-2. Groundwater Video Review Exercise
  • Task 7-3. Introduction to Groundwater In-Class Exercise

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    Week 8 Class Materials - Groundwater Flow (February 21-February 27, 2022)

    ES476 Week 8 Zoom Class Recording (TBD)

    A. Week 8 Class Notes and Learning Resources

    Class Notes: Groundwater Flow
  • Equation List for Groundwater Flow
  • Figures to Accompany Groundwater Flow

    Class Powerpoint Slide Show: Groundwater Flow and Wells

    Text Reading: Aquifer Types

    Text Reading: Basics of Groundwater Flow and Darcy's Law

    Video Resources
  • Basics of Groundwater Flow (youtube ~6 min)
  • Darcy's Law (youtube ~11 min)
  • Groundwater Contour Maps (youtube ~16 min)

    B. Week 8 Lab Exercises and Activities
    8-1. Text Review Questions - Aquifer Types
  • Text Reading: Aquifer Types

    8-2. Groundwater Flow Video Exercise
  • Basics of Groundwater Flow (youtube ~6 min)
  • Darcy's Law (youtube ~11 min)
  • Groundwater Contour Maps (youtube ~16 min)

    8-3. Groundwater Problem Set 1 (Complete Questions 1, 3, 4, 7A, 8A, 9, 16)
  • Text Reading: Basics of Groundwater Flow and Darcy's Law (Read this before completing groundwater problems Task 8-3)

    8-4. In-Class Exercise: Introduction to Hydrogeology of the Monmouth Area

    C. Week 8 Assignment Task Inventory and Checklist (Due for Canvas Submission by Monday February 28, 2022; 11 PM)

  • Task 8-1. Text Reading Questions: Aquifer Types
  • Task 8-2. Video Review Questions: Groundwater Flow
  • Task 8-3. Groundwater Problem Set 1 (Questions 1,3,4,7A,8A,9,16)
  • Task 8-4. In-Class Exercise: Hydrogeology of the Monmouth Area

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    Week 9 Class Materials - Drilling and Well Hydraulics (February 28-March 6, 2022)

    ES476 Week 9 Zoom Class Recording March 1, 2022

    A. Week 9 Class Notes and Learning Resources

    Class Notes: Well Hydraulics
  • Overview of Field Methods in Drilling and Well Installation
  • Oregon Water Resources Dept. - Consumers Guide to Well Construction and Maintenance
  • Equation List for Well Hydraulics
  • Figures to Accompany Well Hydraulics

    Class Powerpoint Slide Show: Groundwater Flow and Wells

    Text Reading: Well Drilling Techniques
    Text Reading: Well Design
    Text Reading: Aquifer Testing

    Video Resources
    Home Water Well Systems Explained (Required, Youtube ~10 min)
    How to Install a Groundwater Monitoring Well (Required, Youtube ~5 min)

    Fletcher Air Rotary Drilling Video (Optional, Youtube ~3 min)
    Rotary Drilling (Optional, Youtube, National Groundwater Associated ~ 6 min)
    Geotechnical / Environmental Drilling Techniques (Optional, Youtube ~35 min)

    Monitoring Well Installation Demo (Optional, Youtube ~6 min)
    Installing Submersible Pump (OptionalYoutube ~12 min)

    Introduction to Groundwater Wells and Pump Tests (Youtube ~19 min)
    Constant Rate Pump Tests (Jacob Solution) Part 1 (Youtube ~37 min)
    Pump Tests (Jacob Solution) Part 2 (Youtube ~15 min)

    B. Week 9 Lab Exercises and Activities
    9-1. Text Review Questions - Wells and Aquifer Testing
  • Text Reading: Wells and Aquifer Testing

    9-2. Drilling and Well Installation Video Exercise
  • Home Water Well Systems Explained (Required, Youtube ~10 min)
  • How to Install a Groundwater Monitoring Well (Required, Youtube ~5 min)
  • Rotary Drilling (Optional, Youtube, National Groundwater Associated ~ 6 min)

    9-3. In-Class Exercise: Working with Groundwater Contour Maps

    9-4. Well Log Exercise

    [HOLD] Drilling Terms Review Sheet
    [HOLD] Groundwater Problem Set 2 (Groundwater Flow)

    C. Week 9 Assignment Task Inventory and Checklist (Due for Canvas Submission by Monday March 7, 2022; 11 PM)

  • Task 9-1. Text Reading Questions: Water Wells and Aquifer Tests
  • Task 9-2. Video Review Questions: Drilling Techniques and Water Well Installation
  • Task 9-3. In-Class Exercise: Working with Groundwater Contour Maps
  • Task 9-4. In-Class Exercise: Well Log Exercise

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    Week 10 Class Materials - Case Studies and Pop-Up Presentations (March 7-March 13, 2022)

    ES476 Week 10 Zoom Class Recording (TBD)

    A. Week 10 Class Notes and Learning Resources

    Class Powerpoint Slide Show: Overview of Willamette Valley Hydrogeology

    Reports / Journal Article Readings
  • Gannett and Caldwell, 1998, Geologic Framework of Willamette Basin
  • Urich and Wentz, 1999, Environmental Setting of Willamette Basin
  • Conlon et al., 2005, Groundwater Hydrology of Willamette Basin
  • Herrar et al., 2014, Groundwater Flow Model for Willamette Basin
  • Hinkle, 1997 Shallow Groundwater quality
  • Gonthier, 1983, Groundwater Resources of the Dallas-Monmouth Area
  • Pennoyer and Niem, 1975, Groundwater Resources of Kings Valley

    Pop-Up Powerpoint Presentation Resources
  • How to Make a 15-Minute Powerpoint Presentation    [Required, YouTube video ~5 min]

  • Pop-Up Presentation Powerpoint Slide Template
  • Example WOU Student Pop-Up Presentation (Make Yours Look Like This... Kind of... as a guide)

    B. Week 10 Lab Exercises and Activities

    10-1. Reading Review Questions: Hydrogeology of the Willamette Valley [MS Word *.docx]
  • Summary Reading - Woodward et al., Hydrogeologic Framework of the Willamette Lowland Aquifer System

    10-2. Winter 2022 Pop-Up Presentation Assignment: Hydrogeology of the Willamette Valley [MS Word *.docx]
  • Gannett and Caldwell, 1998, Geologic Framework of Willamette Basin [Davis]
  • Urich and Wentz, 1999, Environmental Setting of Willamette Basin [Jen]
  • Conlon et al., 2005, Groundwater Hydrology of Willamette Basin [Sean]
  • Gonthier, 1983, Groundwater Resources of the Dallas-Monmouth Area [Elle]

    C. Week 10 Assignment Task Inventory and Checklist (Due for Canvas Submission by Monday March 14, 2022; 11 PM)

  • Task 10-1. Reading Review Questions: Hydrogeology of the Willamette Valley
  • Task 10-2. Pop-Up Presentation Deliverables [MS Word docx and MS Powerpoint pptx]

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    Week 11 Final Exam Week (March 14-March 18, 2022)

    Final Exam: Thursday March 17, 2022; 2 PM NS218 (early exam start at 1 PM possible)
  • Final Exam Study Guide (Updated Winter 2022)
  • Key Groundwater Equation Summary

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    Class Notes

    The class notes are organized according to their order of occurrence throughout the term. They are available in Adobe Acrobat Reader (PDF) Format. Acrobat Reader is invoked as a plug-in within the web browser environment. It is available on most machines at WOU. Acrobat Reader can be downloaded for free by returning to Taylor's Home Page

    Exam study guides will be included as the term progresses. Please check future postings as exam time approaches

    1. Introduction to Hydrology

  • Video Exercise Endless Voyage (part 1) - The Water Planet
  • Global Water Budget Figures

  • Hydrologic Cycle Animation (NASA *.mpeg 45 Mb)
  • Youtube Global Water Budget Overview (~4 min)
  • Youtube-Hydrologic Cycle (NSF/NBC ~6 minutes)

  • Journal Reading: Trenberth et al., 2007, Global Water Budget

  • Youtube-Principles of Water Balance (Univ. Reno ~9 minutes)
  • Youtube-Reservoirs and Residence Times (Univ. Reno ~13 minutes)

  • Youtube-Water Budget Problem Solving Examples ( ~13 minutes)

    Glossary of Hydrology Terms

    2. Basics of Water Chemistry
  • Video Exercise Endless Voyage (part 7) - Water Properties

    3. Physical Principles Applied to Hydrology
  • Week 3 Equation List
  • Review Exercise: Physical Properties of Water

    4. Math Review
  • Geomath Primer Kit
  • Guidelines for Quantitative Problem Solving
  • Review of Units and Unit Conversions (Schoenfeld)
  • New Link to Aqua-Calc Web Site (all things water to calculate and convert)

  • How to solve a physics problem (youtube ~5 min)

    5. Overview - Meteorology of Precipitation
  • Video Exercise: Understanding Weather
  • Atmospheric/Precipitation Figures
  • Methods of Areal Precipitation Analysis
  • Planix 7 Planimeter Instructions - Map Area Measurement with Planimeter

    6. Overview of Oregon Climate Change and Water Resources (Chang and Jones, 2011)
  • Taylor Notes from Nolin Seminar at OSU
  • Slide Show - Snow Pack Hydrology and Climate Change in the Western Cascades
  • Link to Oregon Climate Change Assessment Report (Oregon Climate Change Research Institute, January 2011)

    7. Overview of Surface Water Hydrology
  • Equation List for Surface Water
  • Figures to Accompany Surface Water
  • USGS Water Watch Web Site (Portal to U.S. Streamflow Data)
  • Link to OSU Stream Analysis Tutorial Website

    8. Overview of Flood Hydroclimatology
  • Hirschboeck (1991) Climate and Floods (USGS Water Supply Paper)
  • Hirschboeck et al. (2001) Flood Climatology

    9. Introduction to Groundwater
  • Key Groundwater Equation Summary

  • Updated Unit Conversion Tables
  • Basic Equation List for Groundwater
  • Figures to Accompany Introduction to Groundwater
  • Introduction to Groundwater Video Exercise (Earth Revealed)

  • Groundwater Key Word Search Exercise

    10. Groundwater Flow Mechanics
  • Basics of Groundwater Flow (youtube ~6 min)
  • Darcy's Law youtube ~11 min)
  • Equation List for Groundwater Flow
  • Figures to Accompany Groundwater Flow

    11. Well Hydraulics
  • Overview of Field Methods in Drilling and Well Installation
  • Oregon Water Resources Dept. - Consumers Guide to Well Construction and Maintenance
  • Equation List for Well Hydraulics
  • Figures to Accompany Well Hydraulics
  • Aquifer Testing Glossary of Terms

    12. Drilling Terms Review Sheet
  • YouTube - How to Drill a Water Well
  • YouTube - Fletcher Air Rotary Drilling

  • YouTube - ONR ir Rotary Drilling

    Driscoll Reading, Well Drilling Techniques
    Driscoll Reading, Well Design

    Textbook Readings
  • Reading Assignment for Week 2-3: Water Properties
  • Reading Assignment for Week 2-3: Overview of Hydrologic Cycle
  • Reading Assignment for Week 3-4: Overview of Weather
  • Reading Assignment for Week 5: Overview of Surface Water

    CUAHSI Cyberseminar Series
  • CUAHSI Youtube Channel Archives (Master List)
  • Global Hydrology and Water Resources
  • America's Water in a Global Context
  • Smarter Urban Watersheds
  • Water on the Landscape
  • Mountain Hydrology Techniques
  • Old Water Paradox (McDonnell)
  • River Restoration (Wohl)
  • Willamette 2100 Study (Overview)
  • Water Policy Development on the Colorado River
  • Snow Hydrology
  • U.S. National Water Use and Policy

    Field Trip Guides

  • ES476 Field Trip Guide: Brush College Drilling Project (Feb. 2016)

    Field Trip Program Guide 2012, Pacific Northwest Groundwater Exposition

    Luckiamute Watershed Council Field Trip:
    Luckiamute Watershed Council Meeting Agenda
    LWC 2019 Annual Project Report

    Video Resources

    Geotechnical / Environmental Drilling Techniques (Youtube ~35 min)

    Monitoring Well Installation Demo (Youtube ~6 min)
    Installing Submersible Pump (Youtube ~12 min)

    Introduction to Hydrogeology (Cal State Fullerton; Youtube ~55 min)

    Introduction to Groundwater Wells and Pump Tests (Youtube ~19 min)
    Constant Rate Pump Tests (Jacob Solution) Part 1 (Youtube ~37 min)
    Pump Tests (Jacob Solution) Part 2 (Youtube ~15 min)

    Willamette Water 2100 Webinar Series, Oregon State University

    The Water Channel

    OSU Hydrology Seminar 2011 (streaming video)
    Link to Oregon Water Conference Spring 2011
    Link to Umatilla Basin Groundwater Video
    OSU IWW Statewide Water Roundtables 2008

    Link to USGS Water Resources Video Archive (Downloadable)

    Link to WOU Library Films on Demand - Earth Science
    Link to WOU Library Films on Demand - Browse by All Titles

    Procedures for Stream Ordering (Youtube Video Link, University of Nevada Reno)


    Principles of Water Balance Equations (Youtube Video Link, University of Nevada Reno)
    Residence Time in Global Reservoirs (Youtube Video Link, University of Nevada Reno)

  • UNR Water Budget Summary Notes (Taylor, Jan. 15, 2014)


    Additional Readings

    Field Trip Pre-Reading: "Chang and Jones, 2011, Oregon Climate Change and Water Resources (Read p. 71-100 and outline for Wed. Feb. 1)
    Link to Oregon Climate Change Assessment Report (Oregon Climate Change Research Institute, January 2011)
    Hirschboeck (1991) Climate and Floods (USGS Water Supply Paper)

    Journal Reading: McDonnell, 2013, Are all runoff processes the same?

    Journal Reading: Trenberth et al., 2007, Global Water Budget

    Hydrogeology Report Guidelines for State of Oregon
    Ritter et al., 1995, Overview of Drainage Basins and Basin Hydrology

    Driscoll Reading, Well Drilling Techniques
    Driscoll Reading, Well Design

    Class Slide Shows

  • Introduction to Matter and Heat
  • Water Chemistry
  • Hydrologic Cycle / Global Water Budget
  • Principles of Meteorology / Overview
  • Introduction to Groundwater
  • Groundwater Flow-Well Hydraulics-Aquifer Testing
  • Snow Pack Hydrology and Climate Change in the Western Cascades (Feb. 2012)
  • Overview of Willamette Valley Hydrology (*.ppt)


    Digital Lab Report Submission Instructions

    Upload Instructions:

    (1) Clicking on the link at the end of this section will take you to a web-based course management software called "Moodle".
    (2) Once at the site, choose the "Login" option at the upper right of the page.
    (3) Enter your WOU student server username (the one you use for WOU email or to get to your "H:\" drive).
    (4) Enter the last four digits of your student ID V-no. for the password (unless if you have already changed it).
    (5) Once you are logged in, look for the "Change Password" icon...but DON'T FORGET IT.
    (6) Scroll down your list of online classes to ES473 Environmental Geology; you are automatically enrolled in the Moodle course with your class registration.
    (7) Scroll to the topic/assignment section, and begin the submission process.
    (9) Make sure you print hard copies and make back-up files of your lab report materials; save back up files!

    Note: Pay attention to the availability and due dates.

    Click Here to Go to Moodle and the ES476 Class Page

    Instructions for Making Acrobat PDF Files and Compiling a Digital Lab Report
  • Example Lab Report (Model Document - make yours look like this!)

    Instructions for WOU Terminal Server Access from Home

    Lab Exercises

    Key Word Search: Introductory Concepts of Hydrology

    How to solve a physics problem (youtube ~5 min)

    Student Presentation Project Winter 2014 (Updated with revised instructions and topics assigned)

    New Link to Aqua-Calc Web Site (all things water to calculate and convert)

    Unit Conversion Tables for Lab Exercises
  • Reference List of Standard Algebraic, Geometric and Trigonometric Formulas


  • Dictionary of Measurement Units

    Introductory Hydrology Problems (Veisman and Lewis Chap. Problems)

    Intro to Quantitative Applications in Geoscience

    Intro to Spreadsheets, MS Excel, and Data Analysis
  • Excel 2007 Tutorial

    MS Excel Chart/Graph Quick Start Tutorial
  • Click Here to Download Excel Chart/Graph Tutorial Data

    Intro to Applied Problems in Hydrology

    Review Exercise: Physical Properties of Water

    In-Class Exercise: Primer on Contouring

    Analysis of Oregon Climate Data
    In-Class Precipitation Anlysis Exercise
    Mono Lake Water Budget Exercise
    Contouring Exercise / Isohyet Map of Eastern Oregon

    Cascade Mountain Ice Budget Lab
  • Cascade Mountain Ice Budget Data (Excel Spreadsheet)
  • Mt. Rainier Glacier Maps

    Watershed Morphometry and Surface Water Hydrology

    Surface Water - Stream Ordering Exercise
  • Stream Ordering Video Clip (link to Youtube, University of Nevada Reno)

    Surface Water - Rational Runoff Exercise

    Flood Analysis Lab
  • You Tube - Calculating Flood Recurrence Intervals

    Key Groundwater Equation Summary

    Introduction to Groundwater Flow Model (ES202 Lab Module)
    Well Log Exercise
    Groundwater Problem Set 1 (Introduction to Groundwater)
    Groundwater Problem Set 2 (Groundwater Flow)
    In-Class Exercise: Introduction to Hydrogeology of the Monmouth Area

    Drilling Terms Review Sheet

    In-Class Exercise: Working with Groundwater Contour Maps

    Well Field Analysis - Practice Problem (New March 9, 2016)

    Reading Summary (500-600 Words; 1.5 pages): Corvallis Science Pub - Upper Willamette River Hydrology / Cascades Hydrogeology
  • Taylor Summary Notes: Water in the West, Gordon Grant, US Forest Service, Feb. 8, 2016
  • Grant et al., 2013, Climate Change and Forest Water Management in the Western U.S.

    Reading Summary (500-600 Words; 1.5 pages): Field Trip Brush College Road Water Well Project
  • ES476 Field Trip Guide: Brush College Drilling Project (Feb. 2016)
  • Location Map for Robinson Drilling Brush College Project Site (West Salem)

    Flood Frequency Analysis Exercise

    Background Reading: Overview of Flood Frequency Analysis
  • USGS Hydro Subcommittee Publication 17B (1982) - Guidelines for Determining Flood Flow Frequency
  • Beeson, 1968, Comparison of Flood Frequency Methods Used by Federal Agencies
  • Flood Frequency Terminology
  • Tips and Guidelines for Conducting Streamflow Analysis

    Flood Frequency Lab Exercise
  • Western Oregon Peak Flow Data Records (*.xls)
  • Click Here for Simplified Log Pearson Type III Flood Frequency Worksheet (*.xls)
  • Alsea River Flood Frequency Tutorial / Example
  • US Regional Map Skew Coefficients (*.gif image file)
  • USGS Historical Streamflow Data
  • USGS Real-time Streamflow data

    Annual Streamflow Analysis Exercise

  • Overview of Annual Streamflow Analysis
  • Tutorial on Annual Streamflow Anlysis
  • Annual Tutorial Data (*.xls)

    Daily Streamflow Analysis Exercise

  • Tutorial on Daily Streamflow Analysis
  • Tutorial on Instantaneous Streamflow Analysis
  • Instantaneous Tutorial Data (*.xls)

    Flow Duration Analysis Exercise

  • Overview of Flow Duration Analysis
  • Tutorial on Flow Duration Analysis
  • Flow Duration Tutorial Data (*.xls)

    Digital Mapping / Surfer Exercises

    Groundwater Modeling

    Link to Groundwater Models COM (ESI, Inc. - Clients/Downloads Menu)

    Lab Data

    New Link to Aqua-Calc Web Site (all things water to calculate and convert)
    Click Here for Midterm Exam (EXCEL) Data

    Planix 7 Planimeter Instructions - Map Area Measurement with Planimeter

    Unit Conversion Tables for Lab Exercises
  • Reference List of Standard Algebraic, Geometric and Trigonometric Formulas

  • Dictionary of Measurement Units

    Link to Online Custom / Printable Graph Paper
  • 10 x 10 (10 lines/inch) Graph Paper

    Intro to Excel Data Set (Excel Spreadsheet)
    Oregon Weather Station Locations (Excel Spreadsheet)
    Oregon Climate Zone 1 (Coastal) Precipitation Data (Excel Spreadsheet)
    Oregon Climate Zone 2 (Willamette Valley) Precipitation Data (Excel Spreadsheet)
    Oregon Climate Zone 4 (High Cascades) Precipitation Data (Excel Spreadsheet)
    Oregon Climate Zone 7 (High Lava Plains) Precipitation Data (Excel Spreadsheet)

    Cascade Mountain Ice Budget Data (Excel Spreadsheet)
    Mt. Rainier Glacier Maps

    Oregon 7.5-min DEM's Link (Surfer Exercise)
  • Monmouth 7.5-minute Quadrangle, 10-m Digital Elevation Model (*.zip)
  • Marys Peak 7.5-minute Quadrangle, 10-m Digital Elevation Model (*.zip)

    Surfer Intro Lab - Oregon Precipitation Data
    Surfer Intro Lab - Oregon Weather Station Elevation Data
    Surfer Lab - Oregon Basemap Data Overlays (Counties, Rivers, Roads)

    Surfer Groundwater Mapping Lab - Digitized Groundwater Elevation Data

    Surface Water Hydrology Lab Data
    Gumbel Plot Graph Paper for Recurrence Interval Data

    Hydrology Text Data

    Exercise 2-2/3 Flow Data for NH River
    Exercise 3-3 Global Surface Temp. / Greenhouse Effect
    Exercise 3-12 Effects of ET on Global Water Balance
    Exercise 3-13 Precipitation-ET-Runoff Calculator
    Exercise 4-6 Double Mass Curve
    Exercise 4-8 Sesonal Precipitation / Circular Stats
    Exercise 4-9 Intensity-Duration-Frequency Analysis
    Exercise 5-2 Solar Radiation Calculator
    Exercise 5-3 Daily Snowmelt Calculator
    Exercise 6-7/8 Soil Infitration
    Exercise 7-1/2 Oklahoma Meteorologic Data
    Exercise 7-6 Transpiration Calculation via Penmann-Monteith Equation
    Exercise 7-13 Water Blance Data
    Exercise 7-13 Thornthwaite Water Balance
    Exercise 8-2/13 Theis Drawdown Problem
    Exercise 8-10 Streamflow Loss/Gain Calculation
    Exercise 9-1 River reach inflow (convex method)
    Exercise 10-6/7 Oxygen-Sag Curve for BO Wastes
    Exercise 10-7 Lake Nutrient Concentrations
    Exercise 10-9/10 Flood-Damage Reduction Exercise

    Lab Answer Keys

    In-Class Water Budget Exercise
    Introductory Hydrology Problems (Veisman Chap1)

    In-Class Water Properties Exercise
    Homework 1 - Introduction to Quantitative Problems
    Homework 2 - Introduction to Applied Problems in Hydrology
    Isohyets / Contouring Exercise
    Theissen Average Rainfall Exercise

    River Channel Cross-Section Area - Bankfull Discharge Key

    Luckiamute Watershed Problem
    Results of Pearson Log III Flood Frequency Exercise
    Groundwater Problem Set 1
    Groundwater Problem Set 2
    Well Log Problem

    Intro to Surfer / Digital Mapping
    Groundwater Mapping with Surfer
    Well Hydraulics / Aquifer Testing
  • Aquifer Test Results and Parameters (*.AQT files - zipped into an archive)

    Key - Well Field Analysis Practice Problem (winter 2016)

    Writing and Presentation Guides

    Guidelines for Geowriting

    General Guide to Technical Writing for Earth Science Students
    Example Article Summary

    Willamette 2100 Poster Project Resources
    Willamette 2100 Final Posters and Abstracts Review Packet

    Willamette 2100 Water Resource Project Overview (Youtube ~59 min)
    Poster Project - Student Topics / Published Papers / Ancillary Resource (Updated Feb. 16, 2018)
  • Link Here for 2018 Poster Project Resource Page
  • Click here for model poster template / example
  • Willamette 2100 Project Review Questions

    Cyber Friday / Extra Credit / Student Presentation Archive

    Winter 2020 Student Presentations: Hydrogeology of Willamette Valley
    Powerpoint Slide Shows
  • Environmental Setting of Willamette Basin (Berg)
  • Geologic Framework of Willamette Basin (Griffith)
  • Regional Hydrologic Budget (Saemisch)
  • Groundwater Flow and Fluctuation (Wallace)
  • Groundwater Flow Model (Pardini-Adams)
  • Groundwater Resources of Monmouth-Dallas Area (Niskanen)
  • Groundwater Resources of Kings Valley (Mullin)
  • Groundwater Quality of Shallow Aquifers (Moshinski)

    Reports / Journal Articles
  • Gannett and Caldwell, 1998, Geologic Framework of Willamette Basin
  • Urich and Wentz, 1999, Environmental Setting of Willamette Basin
  • Conlon et al., 2005, Groundwater Hydrology of Willamette Basin
  • Herrar et al., 2014, Groundwater Flow Model for Willamette Basin
  • Hinkle, 1997 Shallow Groundwater quality
  • Gonthier, 1983, Groundwater Resources of the Dallas-Monmouth Area
  • Pennoyer and Niem, 1975, Groundwater Resources of Kings Valley

    Geospatial Technology Speaker Series
    Matthew Goslin, PhD Candidate, University of Oregon, "Applications of Geographic Information Systems to Watershed Restoration"
  • Goslin Reading on GIS Applications in River Restoration
  • Taylor Summary Notes - Goslin: GIS Applications to River Restoration
    David Szpakowski, PhD Candidate, Texas State University, "GIScience Applied to Fire Ecology"
  • Szpakowski Reading on Remote Sensing and Fire Analysis
  • Taylor Summary Notes - Szpakowski: Remote Applications to Fire Ecology
    Yasuyo Makido, Instructor and Research Fellow, Portland State University, "Remote Sensing Applications in Coupled Human and Natural Systems"
  • Makido Reading on Remote Sensing and Urban Heat Analysis
  • Taylor Summary Notes - Makido: Remote Sensing Applications to Urban Climate
    Fuyuan Liang, Associate Professor, Western Illinois University, "A Multiple-Scale Study of Topological Influences on Vegetation Greenness in Two Cockpit Karst Areas"
  • Liang Reading on GIS Analysis of Vegetation in Karst Landscapes
  • Taylor Summary Notes - Liang: Remote Sensing Analysis of Karst Topography and Vegetative Distribution

    Class Announcements: Week 10 Student Presentation Assignment Instructions - "Hydrogeology of the Willamette Basin"
    Click Here for Presentation Assignment Instructions
  • Click Here for Powerpoint Slide Template

  • Gannett and Caldwell, 1998, Geologic Framework of Willamette Basin
  • Urich and Wentz, 1999, Environmental Setting of Willamette Basin
  • Conlon et al., 2005, Groundwater Hydrology of Willamette Basin
  • Herrar et al., 2014, Groundwater Flow Model for Willamette Basin
  • Hinkle, 1997 Shallow Groundwater quality
  • Gonthier, 1983, Groundwater Resources of the Dallas-Monmouth Area
  • Pennoyer and Niem, 1975, Groundwater Resources of Kings Valley


    -Reminder: Cyber Thursday Jan. 30 (No Formal Class Meeting / Take-Home Assignment)
    Week 4 Cyber Thursday Assignment (Due Tuesday Feb. 4 at Classtime)
  • CUAHSI Cyber Seminar Link: Mountain Hydrology Techniques
  • Textbook Chapter 3 - Surface Water

    OPTIONAL EXTRA CREDIT Winter 2016: 600-800 word summary of the Gonthier, 1983 paper entitled "Groundwater Resources of the Dallas-Monmouth Area" including the following sections:
    I. Overview of Hydrostratigraphic Units
    II. Hydraulic Characteristics of the primary regional aquifers
    III. Overview of Well Yield Potential and Groundwater Resources
    IV. Problems and Solutions for Water Resource Needs
    Gonthier, 1983, exerpts from Groundwater Resources of Dallas-Monmouth Area, Polk County

    Extra Credit Assignments - Winter 2014
    OPTION 1 - Hydrology Extra Credit Natural Science Seminars (20 pts; 4 x 5 pts each)
  • Extra Credit Speaker Summary Sheet (to turn in for credit)

    OPTION 2 - Alternative Extra Credit Journal Reading Summaries (20 pts; 3 x 6.7 pts each)
  • Flewelling and Sharma, 2014, Hydraulic Fracturing
  • Seflenasr and Sherif, 2014, Saltwater Intrusion
  • Zhou et al., 2014, Hyporheic Flow Processes

    Study Guides and Lab Portfolio Checklists

  • Click Here for Final Lab Portfolio 2 Checklist (updated March 13, 2020)

  • Final Exam Study Guide (Winter 2020)
  • Key Groundwater Equation Summary

  • ES476 Midterm Exam Study Guide

    ES476 Final Exam Thursday March 22, 2018, 12 noon, NS218
  • Final Exam Study Guide (Updated March 16, 2018)

    Final Exam Study Guide 2016 (Updated March 11, 2016)

    Glossary of Hydrology Terms

  • Click Here for Midterm Exam 2014 Study Guide

    Click Here Final 2008 Exam Study Guide
  • Click Here for Class Assignment Checklist Updated Jan. 30, 2018

  • Click Here for Final Draft of Midterm Exam Study Guide 2018


    Hydrology-Related Web Links

    WILLAMETTE VALLEY / HYDROLOGIC CONNECTIONS

    Link to Watershed Processes Group Oregon State University

    Oregon Domestic Well Safety Program

    Willamette Water 2100 Project (OSU)
    Oregon Water Resources Department
    OSU Institute for Water and Watersheds
    OSU Water Resources Graduate Program
    USGS Oregon Water Resources Home Page
    USGS Willamette Basin Groundwater Study
    Streamnet - Fish and Water Data for the Pacific Northwest
    US Bureau of Reclamation - Hydromet Data Center for the Pacific Northwest
    US Army Corps of Engineers - Portland District
    Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board
    Oregon Climate Service
    National Weather Service - Portland Office
    Oregon Groundwater Association
    Link to PNW Hydrologic Observatory Web Site at OSU

    WATER-RELATED ORGANIZATIONS

    U.S. Water News
    American Institute of Hydrology
    American Water Resources Association
    American Public Works Association (APWA)
    American Water Works Association
    National Water Resources Association (NWRA)
    Universities Council on Water Resources (UCOWR)
    USGS Water Links Page
    USGS Water Resources Information Homepage
    USGS Water Science for Schools
    CUAHSI (Universities Allied for Water Research)

    GROUNDWATER DATA

    USGS Groundwater Data for Nation
    The Groundwater Foundation
    Ground Water Protection Council
    Groundwater Remediation Technologies Analysis Center (GWRTAC)
    Ground Water Science
    National Ground Water Association
    EPA Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water
    American Ground Water Trust

    WEATHER DATA

    American Meteorological Society (AMS)
    NOAA Hydrologic Information Center
    National Weather Service
    Intellicast - Local Weather
    USA Weather Hub
    The Weather Channel
    Unisys Weather Data / Satellite Images
    National Weather Service - Portland Office
    NOAA Index of Websites

    CLIMATE DATA

    USDA Climate Maps and Prism Data
    NOAA National Climatic Data Center
    World Climate Data
    Columbia University Climate Data Library
    Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC)
    Instit. for Study of Oceans and Atmosphere
    University of Oregon Global Climate Animations

    SNOW DATA

    National Snow and Ice Data Center
    NRCS Snotel Data Center
    USDA Oregon/Washington Snow Surveys

    SOIL MOISTURE DATA

    USDA Soil Moisture Data
    University of Arizona Soil Moisture Data Center

    HYDROLOGIC DATA

    USGS Water Watch Web Site (Portal to U.S. Streamflow Data)

    Universities Water Information Network (UWIN)
    USGS Office of Surface Water Web Site

  • USGS Historical Streamflow Data
  • USGS Real-time Streamflow data

    USGS NAWQA Water Quality Program
    USGS Gaging Station Data
    NASA Global Hydrology and Climate Center
    NWS River Forecast Center
    National Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center
    Global Change and Paleoclimate Directory
    NRCS National Water and Climate Center
    Link to USGS StreamStats Website

    OTHER INFORMATION

    NOAA Drought Information Center
    National Drought Mitigation Center
    NOAA El Nino Website
    Water on the Web (NSF Educational Site)

    Water Resources Web Directory

    Hydroweb - The International Association for Environmental Hydrology


    HYDROLOGY SOFTWARE / SHAREWARE / MODELLING

    International Groundwater Modelling Center
    USGS Water Resources Software
    Watermodeling.Org
    Graph Print Software Download